The Tempest vs. Macbeth - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 982 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/07/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Macbeth Essay The Tempest Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? In Shakespeares The Tempest and Macbeth, supernatural elements and magic are quite prevalent throughout the stories. From witches to spirits readers experience these other worlds that Shakespeare creates in his writing. The way magic is used and represented in these two plays is very different. Magic in Macbeth is used to show evil and darkness while the magic in The Tempest is far more natural and follows the laws of nature. The very first people in Macbeth that speak are the three witches. They are seen chanting and seemingly predicting future events. The play is set up right away with this idea of the supernatural world. The witches put you right into a place of magic and wonder. The strategic use of the witches at the beginning tells you that magic will be a part of the play. The witches being used as foreshadowing agents allows the readers to get the supernatural essence that the characters bring. They end the first scene with the famous line Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air (1.1, 12-13). As the play progresses into the third scene, Macbeth states So foul and fair a day I have not seen (1.3, 137). By using the exact same words as the witches used in scene one, it clearly shows that the witches have these powers to see into the future. Banquo even refers to the witches as instruments of darkness and they are symbolized as evil beings (1.3, 236). Another way that mag ic and the supernatural is symbolized as evil in Macbeth is with the floating dagger. In the first scene of act two Macbeth is plotting the murder of Duncan in order to fulfill the witches prophecies. While this plotting is happening, Macbeth sees a dagger floating towards him. As Macbeth gets his first look at the dagger he says, Is this a dagger which I see before me, the handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee. I have thee not, and yet I see thee still. Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible to feeling as to sight? Or art thou but a dagger of the mind, a false creation, proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain? I see thee yet, in form as palpable as this which now I draw (2.1, 613-620). It is unclear if this is a hallucination or a ghostly omen, but this proves to the audience that the supernatural occurs whenever something evil is stirring. As the play continues into act three after the murder of Banquo we see his ghost appear during the banquet. Macbeth is the only one wh o can see Banquos ghost, so this begins to show Macbeths mental state in the play. I believe Banquos ghost is used to represent all the crimes that Macbeth has committed. Overall, the supernatural elements in Macbeth are used to depict evil and darkness. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Tempest vs. Macbeth" essay for you Create order In The Tempest the magic doesnt feel as dark and sinister as it does in Macbeth. The story of The Tempest really revolves around magic and the plot wouldnt exist without it. While the magic of this show really drives the plot, it is also used as a tool to mesmerize its audience. Several of the characters in this play have magical powers. Perhaps the most central magical character is Prospero. His magic is not evil, nor does it represent evil in the story. In act one Prospero says The direful spectacle of the wreck, which touched the very virtue of compassion in thee, I have with such provision in mine art so safely ordered that there is no soulNo, not so much perdition as an hair, Betid to any creature in the vessel (1.2.33-38). This proves that Prospero has been thoughtful in the fact that he is trying to make sure that everyone is safe. So, even though his magic may seem to be bad, his intentions are good and he wants to make sure that everyone is safe in the process. The magic of The Tempest is different because instead of representing something evil, Prosperos true purpose is to use mans natural born goodness to create change a potential path of evil and turn it into something good. His powers allow him to manipulate what happens in the story and gives him the power to affect peoples lives and relationships. After reading The Tempest, I considered Prosperos magic more as a use of metaphorically being the playwright of the story. His powers allow to essentially control everything that is going to happen to the people around him, therefore seemingly being the puppet master to this entire story. This is different from Macbeth because the magic or supernatural elements dont necessarily drive the plot of the story. They are just there to be symbolic elements. Whereas The Tempest would not exist without magic. In the fourth act Prospero says Our revels now are ended. These our actors, as I foretold you, were all spirits and are melted into air, into thin air; and like the baseless fabric of this vision, the cloud-capped towers, the gorgeous palaces, the solemn temples, the great globe itself, ye all which it inherit, shall dissolve, and, like this insubstantial pageant faded, leave not a rack behind. We are such stuff as dreams are made on, and our little life is rounded with a sleep (4.1.165-175). This to me is very representative of theater and storytelling, thus proving that Prospero could be a metaphor for a playwright. Shakespeare was great at incorporating magic and the supernatural world into his stories. What is more amazing though is that he was able to incorporate it into multiple stories and making them completely different. Macbeth and The Tempest may have both included supernatural elements, but they couldnt be more different stories. Macbeth was able to tell a darker story with its supernatural elements while The Tempest went in a completely different direction with its magic.

Go Tell It On The Mountain Analysis - 755 Words

Charles Scruggs’ essay, The Tale of Two Cities in James Baldwins Go Tell it on the Mountain, also addresses how occupants should escape their invaders. The crux of his essay focuses on Baldwin’s juxtaposition of a celestial city with an earthly city through the church and New York, respectively. Moreover, his comments about characters’ interactions with the two cities bolsters the arguments within this paper. First, consider his comments about John and his relationship between the two cities: â€Å"Thus coming of age, John is torn by a dilemma. He desperately wants to embrace the earthly city to escape Gabriel’s circumscribed world, but he cannot free himself from seeing this city through Gabriel’s eyes† (4) and â€Å"Ironically, John cannot†¦show more content†¦Also, Elisha’s family does not restrain him, like John’s. Therefore, Elisha does not suffer from internal battles between his desires and his family’s d emands. Hence, biological homes do not reside on land or in the mind, but in the blood. How is one to escape an invader, when they takeover one’s blood? Well, from Scruggs’ essay, it is safe to conclude that death is not a viable path for escape. His comments on Richard, John’s biological father, surrounding the scene where Richard is mistaken as a thief, illuminates this point: It is this conversation, not the beatings in jail, which broke Richard’s spirit and caused him to commit suicide. The very structure of his life had been called into question. He discovered, to his dismay, that he had built his house upon a marsh. No matter how smart he is, he remains a ‘n*****.’ Richard’s death changed Elizabeth. New York now became in her mind the City of Destruction. (12) Richard’s lack of visibility, which restricts him to his racial status and home (New York), is the impetus behind his suicide. Unfortunately, Richard does not unfetter his chains by escaping life and entering death. Instead, he only transfers his chains to Elizabeth, and successfully double-binds her to the domicile. Before, Elizabeth was a black woman, but now she is a black woman, pregnant with an illegitimate child with no father, and alone. Effectively, Richard’s decision only exacerbates Elizabeth’s condition. As opposed to addressing his invader,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Analysis of an Xterra Advertisement1227 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of an Xterra Advertisement With red letters one and a half inches tall, this advertisement screams â€Å"Couch for sale.† In this advertisement, the advertisers want the consumer to sell their couch. It is an automobile they are trying to sell me. Why would I need to get rid of the furniture in my house? 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How does Malvolio connect to disguise and deceit in Act 2 Scene 5 Free Essays

In Act II Scene VI, we are exposed to seeing Malvolio in a different light. Firstly, we see he deceives himself, ultimately playing the role of the person he thinks he is capable of becoming. Then we see that Maria and her cohort are deceiving Malvolio, by playing a prank on him just so they can make a fool out of him for always being so bitter and serious; and lastly we see how they encourage this foolish act and what consequences it brings. We will write a custom essay sample on How does Malvolio connect to disguise and deceit in Act 2 Scene 5? or any similar topic only for you Order Now To begin with, we can identify that the name ‘Malvolio’ consists of two elements â€Å"Mal† and â€Å"Volio† which are Italian words, with the meaning â€Å"ill will† suggesting his disregard of others’ pleasures. I believe that Shakespeare particularly gave this character this name, as it allows us to have a greater insight of the kind of character Malvolio is from the beginning of the play. At the beginning of Act II Scene VI we are see an intimate conversation between Sir Toby and Fabian, coming together to watch Malvolio and Maria’s prank. Sir Toby asks â€Å"Wouldst thou not be glad to have the niggardly, rascally sheep-bitter come by some notable shame? Essentially pointing out that they are pulling a prank on Malvolio and asking him if he is glad he is going to see this ‘rascal dog’ humiliated. From the very start we see a connection between deception and Malvolio, and how Sir Toby and Fabian are associated with the scheming prank as well. We also see more of Malvolio’s bitterness mentioned when Fabian tells Sir Toby, â€Å"I would exult man. You know he brought me out o’favour with my lady about a bear-baiting here†, suggesting that he is very excited as Malvolio also told the lady of the house that he was arranging a bear-baiting once. This conversation suggests that the two other servers of the house are fed up with Malvolio’s attitude and plan to punish him in a way that will completely embarrass him. Malvolio’s attitude is fundamentally the only reason why he is connected to disguise and deception. Also, his self-loving personality convinces him he is capable of rising higher in the society, which is what leads to him playing the role of Olivia’s husband. Then later we see that his bitterness leads him into a humiliating prank pulled by Maria and the other workers of the house. As Maria enters the scene, we discover that she’s been scheming this prank and encourages the others to go watch, as she is fully confident it will work. She informs Sir Toby and Fabian to go hide behind the box tree and, â€Å"Observe him, for the love of mockery for I know this letter will make a contemplative idiot of him.† This emphasizes how Malvolio is the central character in this scene being deceived by all the other characters. Maria also refers to Malvolio as ‘trout’ on its way to gobble up bait, â€Å"†¦ For here comes the trout that must be caught with tickling†. This animalistic language creates a distinctive image of Malvolio. It could suggest that the bait is Olivia, and that Malvolio is so easily directed when lead by Olivia. It could also suggest that ‘tickling’ so easily catches Malvolio into complete humiliation. Act II Scene VI provides a greater in-sight on how ‘self-loving’ Malvolio really is. In the beginning of this scene we see that Malvolio is playing a role in the same way Olivia and Orsino were earlier in the play. Therefore we can see that not only is Malvolio being deceived by others, but is also deceiving himself. Malvolio instantly exposes us to this role, saying â€Å"Maria once told me she did affect me, and I have heard herself come thus near, that should she fancy it should be one of my complexion†. This portrays Malvolio’s outspoken confidence, as he is convinced Maria would like a man like himself, although we are aware that Malvolio’s fantasy is a pose without possibility. Sir Toby who is listening over Malvolio’s conversation calling him an â€Å"overweening rogue† quickly supports this. Malvolio then shifts to the possibility of being ‘Count Malvolio’ for which Sir Toby and Fabian believe is an unrealistic desire for a servant so bitter and low in the society, responding within themselves â€Å"Ah, rogue†. Although, Malvolio speaks of his strong belief in the possibility, referring to ‘Lady Strachy’ who married her wardrobe manager. This idea of Malvolio deceiving himself acts as entertainment for Sir Toby and Fabian who are simultaneously deceiving Malvolio. Both Sir Toby and Fabian show their great satisfaction saying â€Å"O, peace! Now he’s deeply in. Look how imagination blows him† which once again reinforces how unrealistic Malvolio is and how he is playing a role. Shakespeare shows that while Malvolio continues to imagine a marriage with Olivia, Sir Toby and Fabian continuously interrupt this image with their opposing comments such as â€Å"Fire and brimstone† and â€Å"O, peace, peace!† implying that they aren’t taking this seriously because Malvolio is on his high horse. Furthermore, we see that Malvolio is also deceived by the ‘letter’ that is supposedly written by Olivia, however is a prank planned by Maria. The clash between Malvolio and the remaining characters is the central motivation for the prank. From the previous scene, we see that Malvolio breaks up their party, although it does not seem to be Malvolio’s fault considering they were being rather disrespectful. This is what provokes Maria and her cohort into scheming revenge against Malvolio. As Twelfth night is a play that celebrates chaos, Malvolio doesn’t reflect this idea but presents himself as the puritanical, self-loving, pleasure-hating character which strongly contrasts against the alcohol-loving, pleasure-loving characters of Maria and her cohort. Following this role of being Olivia’s husband, Malvolio finds the letter written by Maria, which matches exactly what he’s been doing. Personally I believe the irony of finding the letter after being lost in the illusion of being Count Malvolio is what makes Malvolio believe the letter is for him. This is the last aspect of deception that connects to Malvolio in Act II Scene VI. While Malvolio is sure that â€Å"This is my lady’s hand† mentioning â€Å"†¦these be her very c’s, her u’s and her t’s,..† Sir Andrew mocks Malvolio for what he is actually saying, almost in disbelief that he can be so easily deceived. He somehow finds a link between â€Å"M.O.A.I†¦.† by saying that â€Å"M† is for Malvolio, concluding that the letter was meant for him. However as Malvolio reads on we see the letter is handing him exactly what he was imagining before, as Malvolio believes its from Olivia saying, â€Å"By my birt h I rank above you, but don’t be afraid of my greatness. Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them† which again encourages Malvolio into believing the possibility of being Count Malvolio. The letter specifically asks Malvolio to do everything he wouldn’t usually do, therefore it can be viewed as a disguise. Malvolio therefore disguises himself under the ‘desired’ appearance and personality Olivia tells him of in the letter, which easily convinces Malvolio that this will lead him to his desires. Focusing specifically on the letter, it tells Malvolio to be rude, to talk about politics and act free and independent, to also wear yellow stockings and crisscrossing laces up his legs, and to remember that a happy life is waiting for him, and if he doesn’t want it he should act like his old bitter self. Although this letter is deceiving Malvolio, its also Malvolio’s connection to disguise, as he begins to follow what the letter orders to please Olivia and because this isn’t the norm for Malvolio it can be interpreted as a form of disguise. Maria’s prank works because it plays off of Malvolio’s weaknesses, which is his self regard, his wish for a higher social rank and his delusions that Olivia might actually feel something for him. All of this is meant to teach Malvolio a lesson, and perhaps punish him for his bitterness and self-pride. It should outline his foolishness for even falling into the prank and potentially highlight to Malvolio some of his faults. Disguise and deception are closely linked in this scene, as one follows the other. How to cite How does Malvolio connect to disguise and deceit in Act 2 Scene 5?, Papers

Cultural Tradition Essay Research Paper In Western free essay sample

Cultural Tradition Essay, Research Paper In Western Cultures, the church instructions influenced the manner people died and offered them hope for their hereafter. Peoples believed that we will all decease. Towards the terminal of the 20th century nevertheless, decease became a ver private event. Peoples denied decease. The people of the Medieval Period would set cemeteries on the exterior of towns except for those people of particular award were buried within the precincts of the town. These people were concerned about the public assistance of the dead psyche. As clip passed, the dead became associated with the church, and everyone would be able to be buried at that place. Charnel houses were subsequently formed. This was like a gallery of the dead where their castanetss would be puting and viewed by people. Graves were frequently opened to give those castanetss up to the church for safe maintaining until the clip of Resurrection. Around the 12th century, memorials were shortly shown in order to continue the individuality of the deceased. By the clip of the Renaissance, imposts for memorialising the dead became really of import. Burials began to take topographic point in graveyards off from churches. The Dance of Death came approximately in the ulterior portion of the thirteenth and early portion of the 14th century. It was fundamentally influenced by the pestilence that killed 1000s. The dance was expressed as a narrative through play, music or even poesy. The significance was that decease comes to all people, no affair how high up you are in rank. Mexicans still observe this dance today at a festival called The Day of the Dead. Native Americans view decease as a natural procedure. The Cree people say good-bye s before they go anyplace merely in instance something unexpected could go on. Some people compose decease vocals that tell about at that place near decease experience or about their life if the close dead is composing one. I found the Cherokee s belief s really interesting. They believe in four psyches and four phases of decease, the last psyche deceasing after one twelvemonth. The Cherokee say they should take attention of the burial topographic point for up to one twelvemonth while the psyche is still alive. Anytime after that, it can be neglected. Native American s see the dead to be guardian liquors and the burial topographic point is considered sacred. The Cocopa believe in burying the dead with ownerships. They besides put in nutrient and vesture thought that they will utilize this in their hereafter. At the entombment, household members hold something similar to a s ance. They summon liquors of ascendants that purportedly go into another organic structure to speak to them. On the other manus, the Hopi people want the ceremonials done and over with. These people fundamentally want to bury it all. The Nandi in Kenya from the African people believe in a life phase that a male goes through up until decease. It seems as Tho ugh they look at the individual as being reincarnated after decease. Music is frequently played at African funerals as to give a conclusiveness of decease. Those in forenoon frequently give the dead a message to take onto the following universe. Another interesting fact that I came across was the LoDagaa people carry on funerals to at least a six-month period and they sometimes continue on for old ages. This is because they excessively, similar to the Cherokee people, believe in four phases of decease. There are many other civilizations of different folks and people described in my reading, but I have found the one s that I have talked about so far to be the most interesting. The Aztec s of the Mexican civilization would execute forfeits. Death is described as rousing from a dreamlike being and seen as an equaliser. The Aztec s believe people die in an order of the manner the have lived their lives. The Day of the Dead as I stated earlier is an juncture for Communion for those living and dead. Food is served and it is like one large party. Families set an excess topographic point at the dinner tabular array for each dead kid. At morning, they decorate the grave citation with flowers and threads. Peoples bring nutrient and sit around the grave and eat with the dead. This goes on all dark. Asiatics have a great trade of regard for their ascendants. Chinese people formed the yin-yang, which every bit described as a whole is made up of the life and the dead. Chinese funerals are similar to the LoDagaa in Africa holding specific mourning garb foregrounding the grade of affinity. Like Mexicans, the Chinese besides have a particular festival observing their ascendants. The Japanese besides have a twenty-four hours of jubilation based on Buddhist constructs. Most funerals in Japan are normally Buddhist ceremonials. Families invite the Buddhist priests into their places after the ceremonial to pray for their loved 1. The asleep is besides given a Buddhist name, which is inscribed on a tablet and placed, in the households place. Peoples believe that the spirit lingers within their place for 49 yearss so their psyche is prepared for enshrinement. Seven hebdomadal ceremonials are aid within these 49 yearss. Memorial ceremonials are held on the one-hundredth twenty-four hours aft er decease and on the first and 3rd day of remembrance. They are on fixed intervals from there on traveling up to the 50th day of remembrance. Shrines are besides put up in the place in award of the dead. Chinese imposts are similar to the Nipponese imposts. Most imposts and patterns held for the dead has a batch to make with faith or tradition. Our civilization every bit good as all others have learned to cover with decease in different ways and we all go about it otherwise. Ancestors pass down their rites to each coevals and that is how each of us learns the patterns to continue the dead and maintain their memory alive.

Biological Factors free essay sample

Essay 5 Biological factors are an important role in your personality. For it tells if you will change or keep the personality you have kept. If you family history has some affective disorder among your grandparents, most likely you can gain it as well in your older years. Also, if you dont have a history of any disorder in your family, the continuity of your personality will stay consistent throughout your life. Learning factors enable you to learn form your experiences. In this case, you observe people who are shy, and then you take on their shyness and in some cases, when no words are spoken; its as if you seem depressed. Also learning is that you can learn to express your self, have high self esteem and be able to express your personality. From this point of view, Situational factors can change your personality, or not. Again, it is a type of learning from your mistakes. We will write a custom essay sample on Biological Factors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So if you are able to learn form your mistakes and are able to overcome them, your self-esteem will deem high and no need for a disorder to come into play, but if you let your fear of risk take over. Phobias can occur, and Phobias are extreme fears. And when youre in such a situation Panic attacks can overtake your body and you lose control of reality. Now a cognitive label may be harder to explain, for its describing the thought process. Maybe thinking of being alone, can cause depression and anti-social disorder, so that can overtime turn you emotionally unstable and possibly into a psychopath. If it was to go the other way, thinking positively will keep you in the right track and you will lead a healthy life, without flaws. Learning and situational factors can overcome shyness. You can learn to overcome it with experience, in such situations like meeting a new friend, you talk to them first. You take the risk. So, you learn form your experience and the life situations at hand.

Minuit Chretien French Christmas Carol - O Holy Night

Minuit Chretien French Christmas Carol - O Holy Night Minuit Chrà ©tien is the French Christmas Carol Equivalent of O Holy Night. Its a traditional Christmas Carol. Here are the lyrics and translation. The lyrics and translations are quite different. Youll find a version here on YouTube sung by Pavorotti.   Lyrics For The Christmas Carol Minuit Chrà ©tien - O Holy Night Minuit, chrà ©tiens, cest lheure solennelle,Oà ¹ lHomme-Dieu descendit jusqu nousPour effacer la tache originelle Midnight, Christians, its the solemn hour,When God-man descended to usTo erase the stain of original sin Et de Son Pà ¨re arrà ªter le courroux.Le monde entier tressaille despà ©ranceEn cette nuit qui lui donne un Sauveur. And to end the wrath of His Father.The entire world thrills with hopeOn this night that gives it a Savior. Peuple genoux, attends ta dà ©livrance.Noà «l, Noà «l, voici le Rà ©dempteur,Noà «l, Noà «l, voici le Rà ©dempteur ! People kneel down, wait for your deliverance.Christmas, Christmas, here is the Redeemer,Christmas, Christmas, here is the Redeemer! Le Rà ©dempteur a brisà © toute entrave :La terre est libre, et le ciel est ouvert.Il voit un frà ¨re oà ¹ nà ©tait quun esclave, The Redeemer has overcome every obstacle:The Earth is free, and Heaven is open.He sees a brother where there was only a slave, Lamour unit ceux quenchaà ®nait le fer.Qui Lui dira notre reconnaissance,Cest pour nous tous quIl naà ®t,QuIl souffre et meurt. Love unites those that iron had chained.Who will tell Him of our gratitude,Its for all of us that He is born,That He suffers and dies.   Peuple debout ! Chante ta dà ©livrance,Noà «l, Noà «l, chantons le Rà ©dempteur,Noà «l, Noà «l, chantons le Rà ©dempteur ! People stand up! Sing of your deliverance,Christmas, Christmas, sing of the Redeemer,Christmas, Christmas, sing of the Redeemer! If you enjoy this article, you may also enjoy my enunciated recording of the Catholic mass prayers in French. Jai à ©crit beaucoup darticles et dhistoires sur Noà «l en France:- Christmas in France Dialogue - French English Bilingual Easy Story- Qui est Saint Nicolas ? Dialogue en Franà §ais Facile- Meet the French Santa - French English Bilingual Easy Story- 8 Gift Ideas for Your Francophile Friends- Petit Papa Noà «l - The Most Famous French Christmas Song (with a link to a video of my daughter singing it!) Joyeuses fà ªtes de fin dannà ©e ! Happy Holidays.

Possible Change of Teachers Attitudes throughout their Career Research Paper

Possible Change of Teachers Attitudes throughout their Career - Research Paper Example Freedman & Carver (2007) iterate that personally-held values and beliefs of the teacher have significant influence on in-class teaching practices. Hall (2005) supports this notion, opining that it is the personal beliefs of teachers that â€Å"inform their professional attitudes and conduct in the classroom.† There is, then, an undeniable link between personal value systems and the evolution of teaching style over time which could, theoretically, have significant impact on the decision to, initially, seek a career as a high school teacher. According to Morris & Maisto (2005), the complexities associated with teaching require a self-actualized individual that finds significant psycho-social rewards for promoting higher learning and educational development in students. Under most models of psychology and sociology, self-actualization is the state of emotional being in which an individual actively seeks to pursue their maximum utility and the pinnacle of their abilities gained on ce self-confidence and self-esteem have been developed within the individual. When a high school teacher first lands their position, they often seek to break the proverbial mold of teaching by attempting to create unique and differentiated classroom content and teaching styles. Filled with fresh ideas, the teacher seeks to create a sense of personal belonging with teaching peers and with students which influences initial teaching styles. Teachers will often seek out alliances with other teaching facilitators and administrators in an educational scenario referred to as communities of practice, a collection of skilled individuals that collaborate to promote learning about a specific skill or practice (Wenger, 2005). However, it is not long into career where such activities will often meet with centralized hierarchies of control where bureaucracy and budget issues prevent effective facilitation of these communities of practice. Many teachers will attempt to create more contemporary and innovative curriculum content, using assistive technologies to facilitate modern learning concepts and principles (Bausch & Hasselbring, 2004). Other teachers in an effort to establish a positive name for themselves in the academic environment attempt experiential learning curriculum, a form of hands-on learning to facilitate a genuine and innovative learning experience (Merriam, Caffarella & Baumgartner, 2007). However, what is unclear is whether these preliminary and initial needs and values remain constant throughout the evolution of the teaching career. A Qualitative Study To determine what impacts attitudes of high school teachers early in career and throughout the evolution of practice, it was necessary to conduct a small-scale qualitative study utilizing a small sample of high school teachers as participants. Qualitative research was the most viable and reliable methodology for this study as measuring complex attitudes in a range of psycho-social principles cannot accurately be measured statistically. It was necessary to conduct semi-structured interviews with currently practicing high school

Women in Islamic Communities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women in Islamic Communities - Essay Example Reservations raised by Islamic countries are mainly on the grounds that some of the Articles in the CEDAW violates Muslim law - the Sharia't.. By claiming that the Sharia't is inviolate, Reservations by Islamic countries on the CEDAW serve to perpetuate gender discrimination and the continued subjugation of women. CEDAW provides a universally accepted platform to combat gender inequality by addressing the issue of discrimination in various fields. CEDAW defines discrimination as, "Any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field" (Wikipedia). In implementing the above, Reservations raised on the CEDAW can be broadly categorized as those arising out of incompatibility with existing domestic legislation, on practical grounds and those that are contrary to the Sharia't. Incompatibility with National Laws. ... Ireland, on the other hand has reserved its right to maintain its domestic provisions on social security as existing laws are more favourable to women. Problems with Implementation. Some of the Reservations are more practical in nature. India, for example, while fully supporting CEDAW and the principle of compulsory reporting of marriages, has expressed its inability to do so due to various reasons including inadequate administrative back-up, low levels of literacy and poverty. Similarly, countries having a federal form of governance, have sought more time to bring in suitable legislation that would make the provisions of the CEDAW applicable across the board. These reservations do not, therefore, reject the aims and objectives of the CEDAW but only highlight the efforts being made by such countries to do away with gender discrimination. Conflict with the Sharia't. Reservations that are incompatible with the provisions of the Sharia't are, however, the most common and mostly emanate from Islamic countries. For example, Bahrain has reserved its right to implement the CEDAW only within the bounds of the Sharia't. Bangladesh, another Islamic country, commits that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of the CEDAW as they conflict with Sharia't law based on the holy Quran. By mixing religion and human rights, in particular those of women, the influence of religious institutions over interpretation and application of Muslim women's roles and rights are over emphasized. These contradictory policies towards gender equality have made the CEDAW irrelevant in Islamic countries. Reservations on certain articles of the CEDAW in no way dilute the importance of

American Literture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Literture - Essay Example His dreams and activism of social and political changes reached crescendo with the composing in 1963 of When The Ship Comes In. It is an allegorical, metaphorical poetic anthem for those pushing for reforms and the establishment of a new generation and utopian state i.e. the arriving ship, where â€Å"the sun will respect every face on the deck† and where â€Å"the winds will stop† and â€Å"where the rocks will proudly stand†. In this new promised land, â€Å"the fishes will laugh† and â€Å"the seagulls, they’ll be smiling† because â€Å"the chains of the sea†¦..will be buried at the bottom of the ocean†. But Dylan cautioned that this can only be achieved through herculean efforts that involve drowning in the tide â€Å"Pharaoh’s tribe† and ‘conquering Goliath’. These biblical imageries in the conclusive verses unmask Dylan as a zealous, vindictive, self-righteous and petulant activist who waits for th e day when evil will be violently purged and the chosen people triumphs and be unqualifiedly liberated from the clutches of the oppressors and the unjust through bloody means (Varesi 35). These not only prove Dylan’s biblical influence but also that of Brecht and Weill’s song â€Å"The Black freighter† where Pirate Jenny was consumed with Bop Dylan is an advocate of change. In his Masters of War, Dylan made an indictment of America’s war policies and its military-industrial complex. The Times They Are A-Changing is an indictment of social injustice. Dylan is clearly a child of the 60’s, an age of radicalization and social and political protests especially war protests, an age of intellectual ferment wherein civil rights and liberties were promoted by blacks, women, gays and whoever else. That was the age of counterculture when the American value system was widely rejected especially in college campuses. There is a

The Criteria For Evaluating Strategic Alternative Marketing Essay

The Criteria For Evaluating Strategic Alternative Marketing Essay This strategic plan is prepared by IM Smart Management Consulting Firm and will start off examining Googles external environmental influences. Next, in-depth assessment on the industrys competitive five forces which affect Googles profitability will be done. Lastly, Googles internal strength and weaknesses will be analyzed to generate its competitive implication. From these analyses, we discovered that Google will face legal and performance issues due to its offensive strategy in the long run. We have developed three strategic alternatives (Strategic Alliances, Defensive Strategies and Broadening Diversification Base) which Google can adopt to enhance its competitive position. The plan will be concluded with a recommended strategic alternative and its pitfalls. EXTERNAL ANALYSIS PEST Analysis After conducting PEST and Porter Analysis for Google, we have derived at the following: Political: The expansion of Google was obstructed by the government such as US and Chinese authority. They viewed Google as a monopoly and request authority to monitor its activities (Google, 2009). However, this barrier does not affect Googles operations as Google responded immediately to the customers by addressing its policies in regard to political/legal aspects. Example: Google China announced that it is still providing filtered search results on its website to fulfill the censor search results policy (China Daily, 2010). Economic: Google focuses on highly targeted, measurable advertising, thus making it more successful than other competitors. The crucial need to stay up to date and continuously connected keeps its core services vibrant despite the parched surroundings due to economic recession (Google, 2010). Social-Cultural: Individuals are getting more educated and competent. Therefore lifestyle and demand of individuals are changing rapidly. Google has to take note of such changes in order to compete with its competitors by providing addition services such as email. Individual are also increasingly becoming more connected due to the increased means of communication available through the internet such as MSN, face book and mobile phone with internet capability. Google has responded by building their mobile devices and released its own Android Mobile Phone Platform and Operating System. By tapping on these, Google shall have great advantage with increased number of search queries and better competitive standing. Technological: The widespread diffusion of information and communication technology allows board geographic dispersion and integration of business activists. Innovative web applications set trends in search, internet direct advertising and portable applications thus causing a more rapid and disruptive change in technology. Google has to take detailed measures to stay ahead by keeping pace with technology advancement and maintains low cost (Refer to Exhibit A for Overview of PEST analysis). Porter 5 Forces Analysis Buyers: The bargaining power is high. The lifestyle of users on using the search tool is becoming more sophisticated and demanding. Substitutes are easily available at lower cost or even free. Example: Google online photo storage priced at $5 per year for 20GB, but face book provided it for free. Google are required to satisfy both client groups equally. Example: organizations customers would prefer their advertisement broadcasting in big banner on the webpage; however, individual customers will feel very disturbing as they just want the search results. Substitute: The bargaining power is high as buyers switching cost is low. There are plenty of replacements such as advertisement on television, radio, magazine, poster and search hotline. Suppliers: The bargaining power is low. Google is regionally not globally dominant and hardware purchases are one-time off. Google search is heavily depending on its competitors Microsoft and Apple software. If there are any new software releases from them, Google search may not perform well if no timely update is done. Potential entrants: The bargaining power is low. Yahoo and Microsoft have improved their search engines and can on pass their search tool through their products. There is no specific requirement for search engine, thus a better search engine invented by another will critically affect Google. Also, the monitoring of authority from its political environment could affect Googles current technology and philosophy. Competitors: The bargaining power is high. There is no patent on search engine so the environment can be easily exploited or manipulated. The switching cost is low. Example: Microsoft and Apple have embedded their search tool into their Explorer browser. Also, rival search tools have their own unique strength (Such as Yahoo attracts audience by its nice appearance). (Refer to Exhibit B for Overview of Porter 5 forces analysis) INTERNAL ANALYSIS (VIRO Analysis) We have observed that Googles net revenue keeps growing from 2001- 2008. Since the 2004 IPO, the stock price has soars from less than $100 to above $700. The number of Internet users keeps increasing around the world, especially Asia. As the number one Internet search giant, Google attract majority of the new Internet users to be its customers. Google understands customer demand and monitor how individual lifestyle is changing rapidly each day. This understanding allows Googles business strategy to outshine among its competitors. Overall, we think that Googles business strategy works excellent at present but better strategic alternatives need to be in place. After conducting Google internal analysis, we have concluded the following: Value: Google owns the Page-Rank technology, which allows them to provide the most accurate search results. The dominant market share and huge loyalty from customers gives Google competitive advantages. Rarity: The services provided by Google are not rare. Many other companies also offer alternative services such as search, email, blog, video sharing, online office application and cloud computing. Imitability: All Googles services can be imitated. For example: the Microsoft Bing Search engine has incorporated several elements of the Google search: The Simple UI, sponsor link, and page ranking. Organization: Google has strong financial power, research and development capabilities. The company is ready to delivery new products to stay competitive, or acquire potential competitors to eliminate threats. PROBLEM STATEMENT We have observed that the main problem with Google is that the offensive strategies to improve its market shares/performance will lead to severe problems in the future. Google faces increasingly intensive competition from experienced incumbents like Microsoft, Social networks and Baidu which had been gaining popularity within the Asia region. They will always be active in making fresh moves to increase or solidify their market position. With Google trying to dominate the cloud computing and search engine markets, this long-term strategy is backfiring with incumbents developing similar, if not, improved strategies to retain their market standing. In the long run, Googles plan to become the dominant provider of cloud computing might also lead legal suits and privacy concerns. With increasing use of virtual server hosting, more enterprise networks, servers and data storages run virtually. Even when good security protection methods were employed, important data will still be vulnerable and can be monitored for unauthorized uses. This will lead to data security issues like information used for unintended purpose and data disruption/loss in the event of natural disasters. CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVE Strategic alternatives must be able to create growth opportunities with high return of investment. Hambrick Fredrickson (2001) have mentioned that strategies are an integrated; overarching concept of how business will achieve its objectives. Therefore we recommend that Google evaluate its strategic alternatives by looking at its vehicles (how Google wants to gets there, including alliances); staging (Google speed and sequence of actions); and economic logic (how profits and returns will be generated). STRATEGIC ALTERNATIVES AND EVALUATION Strategic Alliances with other enterprises It is futile for Google to fight head with head against equally skilled competitors as its offensive strategic approaches will causes disruption its dominance in innovation in the long run. Hence, we recommend that Google alter their strategy and join forces with its competitors to add-value to its resources and capabilities (Refer to Exhibit C). With strategic alliance, Google can engage in a mutual formal relationship with two or more organizations and join forces strategically to achieve collaborative valuable strategic outcomes. It allows joint contribution of resources, capabilities, shared risk, shared control and mutual dependence. Aim of strategic alliance is for Google to achieve synergy where benefits from the alliance will be greater than those from individual efforts. Google will be able to improve market access via global marketing alliance to have more breakthroughs in international markets such as China. The new partnerships will also bring about faster and better development of new technologies/products to improve competitive position. With alliance, Google can overcome deficits in expertise and creates new competitive capabilities by bringing together unique personnel of each partner. Lastly, it will help Google to achieve economies of scale and achieve better efficiency (Gamble Thompson, 2011). Defensive Strategies to Protect Company Market Position Another alternative that we recommend will be for Google to adopt defensive strategy (Refer to Exhibit D) to enrich its competitive position. The purpose of defensive strategies is to lower the risk of being attacked, weaken the impact of any attack that occurs and influence challengers to aim their efforts at other rivals. There are two forms Google can take if defensive strategies are used. The two forms are blocking the avenues open to challenges and signaling to potential challengers that retaliation is likely. For example: if Google were to choose to block the avenues open to challenges it has to be more innovative and be more receptive in learning culture differences while embarking on businesses with the Chinese in China. China is a country that contains massive human resources with creative minds. Hence to block any new invention or products being produced, Google need to act fast by thinking differently and enhanced its research and development by being more unique and allowing creativity to flourish. If Google were to choose in practicing the latter, its leaders need to be more vocal by publicly announcing managements commitment to maintain the firms market share, publicly committing the firm to a policy of matching competitors terms or prices or maintaining a war chest of cash and marketable securities. However, Google must not be too vocal in a foreign land, especially China is highly unadvisable as Chinese do not enjoy firms that are too vocal and do not know the meaning of modesty. As a result, Google can end up losing its market share totally (Gamble and Thompson, 2011). Broadening the Diversification Base We think that it is important for Google to diversify into a new business with its existing products as it offers the potential to strengthen and build a better competitive advantage. Google is facing risk due to the increasing power of incumbent like social networks, which inevitably affect the search industry (For example: Facebook has search function in their website). Thus through diversification, Google can tap into the mobile world and reposition itself in the market by improving features offered by Android. We also recommend utilizing and incorporating Googles existing services such as Google Images and Google Maps to broaden the companys diversification base with new technologies in the market. In our daily course of work as consultants, we came across a new technology known as the Bokodes. This latest technology provides users with a more interactive approach to information at anywhere and anytime. It opens up a new range of applications in the areas of tagging, user interaction and near field communication. Google can also create an application using Bokode technology that reference to its current services such as Google Images or Google Maps (Refer to Exhibit E.) These can typically result in extensive co-marketing by giving Google many opportunities to widen its share of banner/video ads which in return builds more revenues as well as to be the pioneer in offering an innovative approach to consumers (Gamble Thompson, 2011). RECOMMENDED ALTERNATIVES/ EVALUATION AND LIMITATION Among the three suggested alternatives, we recommend that Google implements the defensive strategy. It is futile for Google to fight head with head against its competitors so defensive strategy will minimize the impact of rivals attack moves. This alternative will not cause much disruption and trade-off to Googles operation. As Google has already a large market base for its existing innovative products, it should focus its existing product categories in a specific market segment/geographic area. In addition, Google has innovative people and they have dynamic capabilities and core competencies to strive for continuous improvement and develop breakthrough defensive strategies. We will undertake a SWOT analysis (Refer to Exhibit F) to evaluate strength, opportunities and limitation (Weaknesses and Threats) for this alternative. CONCLUSION In conclude, Google is a firm that has great potential to expand its market position. However, expansion is not an easy task and it takes great strategy and meticulous planning for Google to achieve its objectives. Hence Google need to adopt an open mind in conducting its businesses and practice a strategy that will benefit them in the long run. Exhibit A (Overview of PEST Analysis) Political / Legal Regulation by US and China government Sensitive data to be leak to terrorism, such as bomb making / map Legal suit against Google for 3rd parties content and privacy such as Google map Pest Analysis Google strategy Technology Maintains competitive prices with advance technology Suit the social lifestyle such as photo sharing, search trend Allow more business from all over the world to using internet Ensure technology do not overstep to unnecessary legal issues Hardware getting cheaper Economic Survival during 2009 financial crisis High focus on advertisement Seen threat as opportunity, such as crisis. Individual are more keen on job search and financial new. Google will be their priority search Social No age limit Life style changing Individual are more educated Demand increasing such as addition service, photo sharing, email, storage More individual to own computer / mobile phone. Entrant: Low Technology easy to replicate. No specific standard for search engine Large customer base, Low switching cost Capital requirement is minimum No geographic restriction Authority is monitoring Google activities Supplier: Low Supplier is limited Supplier is also competitor, such as Microsoft, Apple Google is heavily dependable on Microsoft and Apple OS Supplier has more control than Google Competitor: High Easy to replicate Switching cost is low or free Supplier is also their competitor which are well informed of their product Competitor has their own unique strength Buyer/Customer: High Customer lifestyle is changing rapidly Switching cost is low or free Customer with all different demands Customer are well inform of the price Many competitors to choose. Substitutes: High Advertisement on traditional method Newspapers, media, radio, search hotline Switching cost is low Exhibit B (Overview of Porter 5 Forces Analysis) Exhibit C (Suggested Plans for Strategic Alliances and Benefits) Alliance between Google and Microsoft: Microsoft has improvise their Live search, Semantic Search capability and own approach to cloud computing to compete with Googles offensive strategy in substitute products. Semantic search engines will be the biggest threat to Google as it outshines its search engine by attaining more relevant search results thus threatening its core business by building a new search engine empire. Microsoft acquired a firm in the semantic field but the present technology has many limitations. Therefore, we recommend that Google reach a development alliance to fully develop this search engine. Google has highly capable people who are innovative, the joint effort will bury the hatch and make Semantic search a more powerful tool. With the alliance, both can incorporate this fully developed technology into their products, creating a win-win situation. The two companies can also collaborate together in cloud clouting whereby Google can use web based Microsoft Office (instead of Google web based software applications). Apart from having a great search engine and endless innovations, Google is still relatively new to applications that require high amount of user interactions. Tapping onto Microsofts cosmic experiences in technologies which drive the famous Windows and Office suites, Google will undoubtedly benefit from Microsofts vast resources and branding. As Cloud clouting will also lead to higher risk of privacy lawsuits, the collaboration will allow development of a better security program with encryption keys which provides reliable capacity in the cloud can be injected to prevent intrusions, resulting in reduced risks for both in authenticity issues. Alliance between Google and China Companies: China has tight internet regulatory controls which put Chinese companies like Baidu at advantage. In addition, Chinese companies will understand local culture better and can create products which will appeal to the Chinese more. Hence, it will be beneficial for Google to enter into alliance with Chinese partners to have exploit knowledge on product market in order to tap on more china market shares and enhance competitive standing. To start the process, we recommend that they collaborate with partners (example: search engine and social media) on marketing as it will entail finding out what the china market wants and also build on knowledge with its resource market. From there, Google can customize and through their sales partners, market to whole of China in a cost effective manner. For example: free download videos from the Internet are very popular in China. Perhaps, Google together with partners can make available free western Hollywood movies to China. This will help bolster its video offering/advertising revenues for ads display during the video. Other than that, they can sell Google phones or other smart phones bundled with Google/Android operating system. This will help them improve their mobile search market shares, banner ads and video ads within the China market. Exhibit D (Illustration of Putting Defensive Strategies in Its Place for Google) Google could revisit its strategy plan on an ongoing basis so as to improve its return on investment and position in the technology industry. Projected is the recommended strategy plan in adopting defensive strategy. Strategic Analysis Industry analysis Trends in the users preference, especially in search engine usage, advertising and China market Environment forecast (internal/external) Analyzing competitors development esp. from Baidu Assessment of Google SWOT diagram Mission Google purpose Google values Objectives Specific targets (for example to be more innovative and creative in the search engine specialty internationally). Supporting Organizational Arrangements Structure Process Policies and profiles Googles creative/innovative personnel Rewards/benefits Activities Strategy (Defensive) Concept on how Google will execute the defensive strategy to improve market position Exhibit E Bokode: Imperceptible Visual Tags for Camera Based Interaction from a Distance (Data adopted from MIT Media Lab, 2009) It is a camera-based interaction technology which an ordinary camera can detect small optical tags from a comparatively far distance. Consisting of a low-cost optical design whereby the tags reduces up to 3mm visible diameter, unmodified ordinary camera several meters away can be set up to decode the identity plus relative distance and angle. Bokode use intelligent binary coding to estimate the relative distance and angle to the camera and show potential for application in augmented reality and motion capture. A user who is standing right in front of a shop wants to find out information about the shop and its surroundings. Hence, he did a search by using his camera phone to tag onto an image of the shop that has a visual Bokode tag embedded on its signboard. His mobile phone that has a built-in Bokode reader enables the user to gather information in a form of indifferent directions such as providing information about restaurants nearby, hotels information, transportation guide or it says the other brand of cereal are selling at a dollar cheap at the other supermarket store This technology can works in a wide variety of ways including classrooms, public places, print advertisement, outdoor billboards, product packaging and labels. Exhibit F SWOT Analysis of Googles adopting Defensive Strategy Strength Innovative and creative workforce. Workforce has strong passion in what they do and monetary value is not really an issue. Hence Google will be able to defend fast. Strong brand reputation so trusted by consumers. So it better for Google to build defense using existing products/services. Google leaders are young entrepreneurs hence acting fast/defensive may not be an issue to them. Weaknesses Competitor (Baidu) has superior access to distribution channels. Innovations are relatively easy to be imitated so good defensive tools might be duplicated. Google has a history of having offensive strategies which can cause the company to lose large amount of revenues. Google has too many services in order to dominate search marketing and be ahead of others to gain competitive advantage but some of these services are not widely used. Hence, being defensive they have to be more focus in developing the correct defensive tool. Opportunities Massive human resource in China to fully develop good defensive strategy (ability to tap on Chinese creative minds to enhance Google research base). Strategic alliances to join forces (Defensive) instead of fighting against competitors. New product incorporation (example: Bokodes) thus creating good alternative to develop its defensive strategy. Threats Imitation is a norm in China so competitors will still be fast enough to match any defensive strategy. Uncertainty in the external environment that is beyond control therefore comprehensive defensive strategy will still backfire. Chinese users are more loyal to local company resulting in smaller market share for Google (Defensive strategy in China backfires).

The Life Of Emily Dickinson Essay -- essays research papers

The Life of Emily Dickinson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although she lived a seemingly secluded life, Emily Dickinson's many encounters with death influenced many of her poems and letters. Perhaps one of the most ground breaking and inventive poets in American history, Dickinson has become as well known for her bizarre and eccentric life as for her incredible poems and letters. Numbering over 1,700, her poems highlight the many moments in a 19th century New Englander woman's life, including the deaths of some of her most beloved friends and family, most of which occurred in a short period of time (Benfey 6-25).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several biographers of Dickinson point out her methods of exploring several topics in â€Å"circumference,† as she says in her own words. Death is perhaps one of the best examples of this exploration and examination. Other than one trip to Washington and Philadelphia, several excursions to Boston to see a doctor, and a few short years in school, Emily never left her home town of Amherst, Massachusetts. In the latter part of her life she rarely left her large brick house, and communicated even to her beloved sister through a door rarely left â€Å"slightly ajar.† This seclusion gave her a reputation for eccentricity to the local towns people, and perhaps increased her interest in death (Whicher 26).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dressing in white every day Dickinson was know in Amherst as, â€Å"the New England mystic,† by some. Her only contact to h...